Symmetry conditions for the superconducting diode effect in chiral superconductors

Abstract

We analyze the presence of nonreciprocal critical currents, the so-called superconducting diode effect, in chiral superconductors within a generalized Ginzburg-Landau framework. After deriving its key symmetry conditions we illustrate the basic mechanism for two examples, the critical current in a thin film and a Josephson junction. The appearance of spontaneous edge currents and the energy bias for the formation of Josephson vortices play an essential part in establishing a splitting of the critical currents running in opposite directions. Eventually this allows us to interpret a superconducting diode effect observed in the 3-Kelvin phase of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$ as evidence for spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry in the superconducting phase.