Multi-Band Parity-Time-Symmetric Wireless Power Transfer Systems for ISM-Band Bio-Implantable Applications

Abstract

Modern wireless implantable medical devices face escalating demand for lightweight and low-cost wireless solutions exploited to wake up sensors and transfer data. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the efficient, multi-band wireless power transfer (WPT) systems that are symmetric with respect to the combined parity ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> ) and time reversal ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> ) transformations (i.e., space-time reflection symmetry). In analogy with non-Hermitian <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PT</i> -symmetric physical systems that can have branching real eigenfrequencies as a function of the dimensionless non-Hermiticity and the coupling factor, the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PT</i> -symmetric WPT system exhibits multi-band and/or wideband operations via adjustment of the non-Hermiticity (i.e., quality-factor of resonant tanks) and their mutual inductive or capacitive coupling strength. Here, we put forward design and implementation for achieving dual-band, tri-band, and wideband <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PT</i> -symmetric WPT systems, capable of operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands (27.12 MHz and 40.68 MHz) with high transmission efficiency. This compact and low-cost WPT technique may be exploited in many practical applications, such as wireless charging of bioimplants and wearables, as well as interrogation of battery-free medical devices and internet-of-things (IoT) sensors to assist smart healthcare.