Comparison of the effects of general, spinal and epidural anesthesia on ureter access and surgical outcomes during flexible ureterorenoscopy for transurethral single stone removal surgeries: a monocentric retrospective study

Abstract

This study suggests general anaesthesia for flexible ureterorenoscopy if there is no contraindication.KEY MESSAGEGeneral anaesthesia facilitates early dilatation of ureters and access to the stone.No strong correlation of the anaesthesia method of choice with lithotripsy time, operation time, intraoperative complications, stone-free conditions, and length of hospital stays.Epidural and spinal anaesthesia have advantages of fewer postoperative pain and better postoperative outcomes for flexible ureterorenoscopy.