Challenges in Assessing the Sustainability of Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing for Large Structures

Abstract

Additive manufacturing is known as a disruptive technology, in enabling freedom in shape and on-demand
\nproduction with little human intervention. At present, large-scale digital manufacturing means are being
\ndeveloped, such as Wire & Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). These could be beneficial in aerospace,
\nautomotive and construction industries. However, while the technology is rapidly developing, little is known on
\nthe sustainability aspects. This article explores how such environmental effects could be assessed for a novel
\ntechnology, and the production of large-scale products by means of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Forerunning
\nresults show possible gains in material usage when compared to traditional manufacturing technologies, and in
\npower consumption when compared to different additive manufacturing technologies. Future research will focus
\nbenchmarking WAAM against alternative manufacturing techniques, including green sand casting and CNC
\nmilling.