Two-stage Scheduling of Electrical Vehicle Charging Station Clusters in a Community of DC Microgrids

Abstract

The paper deals with the day-ahead scheduling of an energy community with the presence of DC microgrids equipped with clusters of bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. A two-stage optimization procedure is proposed to coordinate the operation of the community characterized by the exchanges of energy among the microgrids and the operation of each EV charging station in each cluster. The first stage implements a distributed scheme based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to provide the scheduling of each community participant. In this stage, for each microgrid, all the EV batteries connected to the charging stations are aggregated in a single storage unit. The second stage provides the detailed scheduling of each charging station, in agreement with the energy transactions defined by the first stage and exploiting vehicle-to-grid services.