Preparation of nano-crystalline tungsten powders from gaseous WO2(OH)2

Abstract

Abstract The industrial production of tungsten powder is carried out by the reduction of tungsten oxide powder via hydrogen. In this process, the size of the W particles is limited to particle sizes larger than 100 nm. To get below this limit, alternative processes are needed. In the current work, the possibility of preparing W powder below 100 nm via a vapour phase reduction of volatile WO 2 (OH) 2 by hydrogen was investigated. The process consists of two stages. In the first stag,e WO 2 (OH) 2 is formed by reacting WO 3 with water vapour at temperatures of 1000–1100 °C. In the second stage, WO 2 (OH) 2 is reduced by hydrogen at about 1000 °C to form metallic tungsten. The influence of process parameters such as furnace temperature, humidity and gas flow on the WO 2 (OH) 2 evaporation and formation of tungsten powder was investigated. The characterization of the resulting powders was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By optimization of the reaction conditions, powder with a metallic tungsten content of about 70 at% besides tungsten oxides was produced with metal particle sizes down to 5 nm. Further optimization should lead to a high tungsten content and a high product yield. Due to the small particle size, applications in catalysis might be possible, although an industrial realization of the process seems unrealistic at moment.