Association of Sulfur, Transition Metals, and the Oxidative Potential of Outdoor PM2.5 with Acute Cardiovascular Events: A Case-Crossover Study of Canadian Adults

Abstract

The <i>combined</i> transition metal and sulfur content of outdoor <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>PM</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> influences the strength of association with acute cardiovascular events in men. Regions with elevated concentrations of <i>both</i> sulfur and transition metals in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>PM</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> should be examined as priority areas for regulatory interventions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9449.