Host/Malassezia Interaction: A Quantitative, Non-Invasive Method Profiling Oxylipin Production Associates Human Skin Eicosanoids with Malassezia

Abstract

<i>Malassezia</i> are common components of human skin, and as the dominant human skin eukaryotic microbe, they take part in complex microbe-host interactions. Other phylogenetically related fungi (including within <i>Ustilagomycotina</i>) communicate with their plant host through bioactive oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids, generally known as oxylipins, by regulating the plant immune system to increase their virulence. Oxylipins are similar in structure and function to human eicosanoids, which modulate the human immune system. This study reports the development of a highly sensitive mass-spectrometry-based method to capture and quantify bioactive oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids from the human skin surface and in vitro <i>Malassezia</i> cultures. It confirms that <i>Malassezia</i> are capable of synthesizing eicosanoid-like lipid mediators in vitro in a species dependent manner, many of which are found on human skin. This method enables sensitive identification and quantification of bioactive lipid mediators from human skin that may be derived from metabolic pathways shared between skin and its microbial residents. This enables better cross-disciplinary and detailed studies to dissect the interaction between <i>Malassezia</i> and human skin, and to identify potential intervention points to promote or abrogate inflammation and to improve human skin health.