Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Kadsura coccinea

Abstract

The chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from the leaves, stems, and roots of <i>Kadsura coccinea</i> (<i>K. coccinea</i>) were investigated. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were examined with DPPH radical scavenging assay, ABTS cation radical scavenging assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum microbiocidal concentrations (MMC). Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oils were also tested. A total of 46, 44, and 47 components were identified in the leaf, stem, and root oils, representing 95.66%, 97.35%, and 92.72% of total composition, respectively. The major compounds of three essential oils were α-pinene (16.60-42.02%), β-pinene (10.03-18.82%), camphene (1.56-10.95%), borneol (0.50-7.71%), δ-cadinene (1.52-7.06%), and β-elemene (1.86-4.45%). The essential oils were found to have weak antioxidant activities and cholinesterase inhibition activities. The essential oils showed more inhibitory effects against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) than those of other strains. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in the root oil against <i>S. aureus</i>, with MIC of 0.78 mg/mL. Therefore, <i>K. coccinea</i> essential oils might be considered as a natural antibacterial agent against <i>S. aureus</i> with potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries.