Electron beam loss monitors for HERA

Abstract

A serious beam current limitation character-ised by very short lifetimes of the electron beam was first observed in HERA in 1992. Beam Loss Monitors (BLMs) were installed around the entire ring to locate the regions and diagnose the causes of the beam losses. For this task, the PIN-diode BLMs used at the HERA proton ring were moved temporarily to the electron ring at the end of 1992. The successful results led to the construction of a dedicated BLM-system for the electron ring which was installed at the end of 1993. This paper includes a description of the meas-urements the with this new electron BLM-sys-tern and a comparison with simulation results. 1.