The associations between urinary metals and metal mixtures and kidney function in Chinese community-dwelling older adults with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Urine As and V were positively associated with CKD in older adults with diabetes mellitus, separately and in a mixture. The metals mixture showed a linear dose-response association with the odds of CKD. The analyses of mixtures, rather than of single metals, may provide a real-world perspective on the relationship between metals and kidney function.