Impacts of Systemic Hypertension on the Macular Microvasculature in Diabetic Patients Without Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the impact of hypertension (HTN) on macular microvasculature in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without clinical diabetic retinopathy. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, subjects were divided into three groups: controls (control group), patients with T2DM (DM group), and patients with both T2DM and HTN (DM + HTN group). The vessel length density (VD) was compared among the groups. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VD. Results: The VD in the control, DM, and DM + HTN groups was 20.43 ± 1.16, 19.50 ± 1.45, and 18.19 ± 2.06 mm-1, respectively (P < 0.001). The best-corrected visual acuity (B = -9.30; P = 0.002), duration of T2DM (B = -0.04; P = 0.020), HTN (B = -0.51; P = 0.016), signal strength (B = 1.12; P < 0.001), and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (B = 0.06; P < 0.001) were significant factors affecting VD in patients with T2DM. Additionally, the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (B = -0.49; P = 0.016) was significantly associated with VD in patients with both T2DM and HTN. Conclusions: Patients with T2DM had impaired macular microvasculature, and patients with T2DM with HTN exhibited greater impairment of the microvasculature than did patients with T2DM only. Additionally, physicians should be aware that the macular microvasculature would be more vulnerable to hyperglycemic damage under ischemic conditions by HTN.