Fabrication of ZIF-71/Fe₃O₄/polythionine nanoarray-functionalized carbon cotton cloth for simultaneous extraction and quantitation of febuxostat and diclofenac

Abstract

A sustainable hybrid material based on carbonized cotton cloth/zeolite imidazolate framework-71/Fe₃O₄/polythionine (CC/ZIF-71/Fe₃O₄/PTh) was synthesized and applied in ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (USA-DMSPE) followed with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for simultaneous quantitation of diclofenac (DIC) and febuxostat (FEB) in human plasma. The surface of CC was modified with nanoarrays of zeolite imidazolate framework-71/Fe₃O₄/Polythionine. At first, an <i>in situ</i> synthesis of ZIF-71 in the presence of CC was carried out, and followed with magnetization process and oxidative polymerization of thionine. The nano-modifier agents improved the merits of the sorbent involving stability, porosity, mast transfer, π-π interactions and selectivity of CC. Characterizations of the hybrid sorbent were examined with different instrumental techniques. The limits of detection (LODs, <i>S</i>/<i>N</i> = 3) were recognized 2.1 ng mL^-1 for DIC and 3.7 ng mL^-1 for FEB. Acceptable linearity (0.992 ≤ <i>r</i> ² ≤0.996) and relatively broad dynamic ranges of 10.0-1800.0 ng mL^-1 and 15.0-2500.0 ng mL^-1 were achieved for DIC and FEB, respectively. Reasonable intra-assay (≤7.2%, <i>n</i> = 9) and inter-assay (≤7.5%, <i>n</i> = 9) precisions as well as appropriate accuracies (≤8.0%) were provided illustrating applicability of the current approach for analytical purposes. Eventually, CC/ZIF-71/Fe₃O₄/PTh was employed as four-part sorbent for the assessment of DIC and FEB in human plasma at trace levels and subsequently main pharmacokinetic data such as <i>T</i> _1/2, <i>T</i> _max, <i>C</i> _max, and AUC_0-24 of these drugs were comprehensively investigated.