A High-Efficiency 27–30-GHz 130-nm Bi-CMOS Transmitter Front End for SATCOM Phased Arrays

Abstract

A high-efficiency 27–30 GHz 0.13- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\mu } \text {m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> BiCMOS transmitter front end for mobile satellite communication (SATCOM) phased arrays is presented. A system-level analysis for determining the key parameters of the RF front end for the case of a SATCOM user terminal for geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) is presented. The building blocks of the beamformer, consisting of a phase shifter, variable attenuator, and power amplifier, are fully characterized. A 360° phase shifter with an accuracy of 7 bits and amplitude error of ±1.5 dB is integrated with a variable attenuator that provides a gain variation of 16 dB with phase error of ±5°. The chip has a measured transducer gain of 23 dB and a power consumption of 45 mW at OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> of 10.8 dBm. The power-added efficiency (PAE) of 26.7% is measured for the entire channel at OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> . An error vector magnitude (EVM) of −28 dB at P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out,avg</sub> of 6 dBm and PAE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">avg</sub> of 12% is measured for a 400-MHz bandwidth 64-QAM modulated signal. The overall size of the chip is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${1.18} \times {2.23}\,\,\text {mm}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .