COVID-19 instructional approaches (in-person, online, hybrid), school start times, and sleep in over 5,000 U.S. adolescents

Abstract

These findings provide important insights regarding the association between instructional approach and school start times on the timing, amount, and variability of sleep in U.S. adolescents. Given the public health consequences of short and variable sleep in adolescents, results may be useful for education and health policy decision-making for post-pandemic secondary schools.