Ruminococcoides bili gen. nov., sp. nov., a bile-resistant bacterium from human bile with autolytic behavior

Abstract

A strictly anaerobic, resistant starch-degrading, bile-tolerant, autolytic strain, IPLA60002^T, belonging to the family <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>, was isolated from a human bile sample of a liver donor without hepatobiliary disease. Cells were Gram-stain-positive cocci, and 16S rRNA gene and whole genome analyses showed that <i>Ruminococcus bromii</i> was the phylogenetically closest related species to the novel strain IPLA60002^T, though with average nucleotide identity values below 90 %. Biochemically, the new isolate has metabolic features similar to those described previously for gut <i>R. bromii</i> strains, including the ability to degrade a range of different starches. The new isolate, however, produces lactate and shows distinct resistance to the presence of bile salts. Additionally, the novel bile isolate displays an autolytic phenotype after growing in different media. Strain IPLA60002^T is phylogenetically distinct from other species within the genus <i>Ruminococcus</i>. Therefore, we propose on the basis of phylogenetic, genomic and metabolic data that the novel IPLA60002^T strain isolated from human bile be given the name <i>Ruminococcoides bili</i> gen. nov., sp. nov., within the new proposed genus <i>Ruminococcoides</i> and the family <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>. Strain IPLA60002^T (=DSM 110008^T=LMG 31505^T) is proposed as the type strain of <i>Ruminococcoides bili</i>.