Etest ECVs/ECOFFs for Detection of Resistance in Prevalent and Three Nonprevalent <i>Candida</i> spp. to Triazoles and Amphotericin B and Aspergillus spp. to Caspofungin: Further Assessment of Modal Variability

Abstract

Susceptibility testing is an important tool in the clinical setting; its utility is based on the availability of categorical endpoints, breakpoints (BPs), or epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs/ECOFFs). CLSI and EUCAST have developed antifungal susceptibility testing, BPs, and ECVs for some fungal species. Although the concentration gradient strip bioMérieux Etest is useful for routine testing in the clinical laboratory, ECVs are not available for all agent/species; the lack of clinical data precludes development of BPs. We reevaluated and consolidated Etest data points from three previous studies and included new data. We defined ECOFFinder Etest ECVs for three sets of species-agent combinations: fluconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole and 9 <i>Candida</i> spp.; amphotericin B and 3 nonprevalent <i>Candida</i> spp.; and caspofungin and 4 Aspergillus spp. The total of Etest MICs from 23 laboratories (Europe, the Americas, and South Africa) included (antifungal agent dependent): 17,242 Candida albicans, 244 C. dubliniensis, 5,129 C. glabrata species complex (SC), 275 C. guilliermondii (Meyerozyma guilliermondii), 1,133 C. krusei (<i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i>), 933 C. kefyr (Kluyveromyces marxianus), 519 C. lusitaniae (Clavispora lusitaniae), 2,947 C. parapsilosis SC, 2,214 C. tropicalis, 3,212 Aspergillus fumigatus, 232 A. flavus, 181 A. niger, and 267 A. terreus SC isolates. Triazole MICs for 66 confirmed non-wild-type (non-WT) <i>Candida</i> isolates were available (<i>ERG11</i> point mutations). Distributions fulfilling CLSI ECV criteria were pooled, and ECOFFinder Etest ECVs were established for triazoles (9 <i>Candida</i> spp.), amphotericin B (3 less-prevalent <i>Candida</i> spp.), and caspofungin (4 Aspergillus spp.). Etest fluconazole ECVs could be good detectors of <i>Candida</i> non-WT isolates (59/61 non-WT, 4 of 6 species).