Direct detection of light dark matter from evaporating primordial black holes

Abstract

The direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter interacting with nucleons is hampered by the low recoil energies induced by scatterings in the detectors. This experimental difficulty is avoided in the scenario of boosted dark matter where a component of dark matter particles is endowed with large kinetic energies. In this paper, we point out that the current evaporation of primordial black holes with a mass from ${10}^{14}$ to ${10}^{16}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}$ is a source of boosted light dark matter with energies of tens to hundreds of MeV. Focusing on the XENON1T experiment, we show that these relativistic dark matter particles could give rise to a signal orders of magnitude larger than the present upper bounds. Therefore, we are able to significantly constrain the combined parameter space of primordial black holes and sub-GeV dark matter. In the presence of primordial black holes with masses of ${10}^{15}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}$ and abundances compatible with present bounds, the limits on a dark matter-nucleon cross section are improved by four orders of magnitude.