Highly Distorted [HgS₄] Motif-Driven Structural Symmetry Degradation and Strengthened Second-Harmonic Generation Response in the Defect Diamond-Like Chalcogenide Hg₃P₂S₈

Abstract

Chalcogenides with diamond-like (DL) structures are a treasury of infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Here, a ternary Hg-based chalcogenide with a defect DL structure, Hg₃P₂S₈, is synthesized by solid-state reaction. Driven by the highly distorted [HgS₄] tetrahedra, this compound displays an interesting structural symmetry degradation from tetragonal to orthorhombic compared with its analogue Zn₃P₂S₈. Meanwhile, the overall performances of Hg₃P₂S₈ are quite remarkable, including a very strong phase-matchable second-harmonic generation (SHG) response (4.2 × AgGaS₂), large band gap (2.77 eV), wide IR transparent range (0.45-16.7 μm), and high laser-induced damage threshold (4 × AGS). Furthermore, the theoretical analysis and local dipole moment calculations elucidate that the highly distorted [HgS₄] tetrahedra contribute a lot to the enhancement of the SHG effect. This discovery will motivate the exploration of other DL Hg-based chalcogenides serving as high-performing mid-IR NLO materials.