Carbonyl Hypoiodites as Extremely Strong Halogen Bond Donors

Abstract

Neutral halogen-bonded O-I-N complexes were prepared from in situ formed carbonyl hypoiodites and aromatic organic bases. The carbonyl hypoiodites have a strongly polarized iodine atom with larger σ-holes than any known uncharged halogen bond donor. Modulating the Lewis basicity of the selected pyridine derivatives and carboxylates leads to halogen-bonded complexes where the classical O-I⋅⋅⋅N halogen bond transforms more into a halogen-bonded COO^- ⋅⋅⋅I-N⁺ ion-pair (salt) with an asymmetric O-I-N moiety. X-ray analyses, NMR studies, and calculations reveal the halogen bonding geometries of the carbonyl hypoiodite-based O-I-N complexes, confirming that in the solid-state the iodine atom is much closer to the N-atom of the pyridine derivatives than its original position at the carboxylate O-atom.