Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor Based on Manganese Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Myoglobin Detection: Biomarker for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

A label free electrochemical sensor based on pure titanium oxide and manganese (Mn)-doped titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles are fabricated and characterized for the sensitive detection of myoglobin (Mb) levels to analyze the cardiovascular infarction. Pristine and Mn-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method and characterized in order to understand their structure, morphologies, composition and optical properties. The structural properties revealed that the pure- and doped-TiO₂ nanoparticles possess different TiO₂ planes. FTIR studies confirm the formation of metal oxide nanoparticles by exhibiting a well-defined peak in the range of 600-650 cm^-1. The values of the optical band gap, estimated from UV-Vis spectroscopy, are decreased for the Mn-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectra in the presence of myoglobin (Mb) indicated interaction between the TiO₂ nanoparticles and myoglobin. The SPE electrodes were then fabricated by printing powder film over the working electrode and tested for label-free electrochemical detection of myoglobin (Mb) in the concentration range of 0-15 nM Mb. The fabricated electrochemical sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 100.40 μA-cm^-2/nM with a lowest detection limit of 0.013 nM (0.22 ng/mL) and a response time of ≤10 ms for sample S3. An interference study with cyt-c and Human Serum Albumin (HSA) of the sensors show the selective response towards Mb in 1:1 mixture.