All‐Nanofiber Self‐Powered Skin‐Interfaced Real‐Time Respiratory Monitoring System for Obstructive Sleep Apnea‐Hypopnea Syndrome Diagnosing

TLDR

Human respiration is a key physiological indicator for health, particularly sleep‑related disorders, yet convenient, highly sensitive, and comfortable real‑time monitoring systems remain a challenge. The study aims to develop a breathable, highly sensitive, self‑powered e‑skin based on a triboelectric nanogenerator for real‑time respiratory monitoring and obstructive sleep apnea‑hypopnea syndrome diagnosis, and to create a self‑powered diagnostic system for severity evaluation and sleep quality improvement. The system employs multilayer polyacrylonitrile and polyamide‑66 nanofibers as contact pairs with gold electrodes to form a contact‑separation triboelectric nanogenerator‑based all‑nanofiber e‑skin, and integrates this into a self‑powered diagnostic platform for real‑time OSAHS detection. The e‑skin delivers a peak power density of 330 mW m⁻², pressure sensitivity of 0.217 kPa⁻¹, excellent stability, and good air permeability, enabling autonomous operation and accurate real‑time subtle respiration monitoring.

Abstract

Abstract Human respiration is an indispensable physiological behavior of the body, which is an important indicator to evaluate health status, especially for sleep‐related diseases. A real‐time respiratory monitoring and sleep breathing detecting system with convenience, high sensitivity, simple fabrication, and wearing comfort still remains a challenge and urgently desirable. Here, a breathable, highly sensitive, and self‐powered electronic skin (e‐skin) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported for real‐time respiratory monitoring and obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) diagnosis. By using multilayer polyacrylonitrile and “polyamide 66” nanofibers as the contact pairs, and deposited gold as the electrodes, a contact‐separation type of TENG‐based all‐nanofiber e‐skin is developed. The e‐skin has a peak power density of 330 mW m −2 , high pressure sensitivity of 0.217 kPa −1 , excellent working stability, and good air permeability. Therefore, the e‐skin is simultaneously capable of energy autonomy and accurate real‐time subtle respiration monitoring. Meanwhile, a self‐powered diagnostic system for real‐time detection and severity evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome are further developed to prevent the occurrence of OSAHS, delay its development, and improve sleep quality. This study hopes to pave a new and practical pathway for real‐time respiration monitoring and sleep breathing diseases clinical detection.