Composite material selection for aircraft structures based on experimental and numerical evaluation of mechanical properties

TLDR

The paper presents a determination of composite material mechanical properties using experimental and numerical approaches. Composite specimens of epoxy–glass fiber laminates with 0°, 45°, and 90° fiber orientations were fabricated and tested in tension and three‑point bending, and the measured properties were compared to finite‑element simulations to validate the numerical model for failure prediction of light‑aircraft engine covers. Experimental and numerical results agree well, validating the finite‑element model and supporting future refinements.

Abstract

In this paper determination of mechanical properties of composite material using experimental and numerical approach is presented. The mechanical properties of a laminate obtained in the experiment are used for verification of numerically obtained values, as well as estimation of the load-carrying capacities of composite engine cover of light aircraft. Composite specimens, consisting of epoxy matrix and glass fibers with orientation angles 0º, 450, and 900, have been made according to standards, and the mechanical properties were investigated in tensile and three-point bending tests. The tensile strength, bending strength, elasticity modulus, strain, and force at laminate failure have been evaluated and then compared to values obtained in numerical simulations with the aim of verifying the FE model used for failure prediction of structural laminates. Good agreement of experimental and numerical values provides a solid foundation for further improvements of the numerical model.