<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> GmhB enzyme involved in ADP-heptose biosynthesis pathway is essential for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and bacterial virulence

Abstract

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection is linked to serious gastric-related diseases including gastric cancer. However, current therapies for treating <i>H. pylori</i> infection are challenged by the increased antibiotic resistance of <i>H. pylori</i>. Therefore, it is in an urgent need to identify novel targets for drug development against <i>H. pylori</i> infection. In this study, <i>HP0860</i> gene from <i>H. pylori</i> predicted to encode a D-<i>glycero</i>-D-<i>manno</i>-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase (GmhB) involved in the synthesis of ADP-L-<i>glycero</i>-D-<i>manno</i>-heptose for the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the inner core region was cloned and characterized. We reported HP0860 protein is monomeric and functions as a phosphatase by converting D-<i>glycero</i>-D-<i>manno</i>-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate into D-<i>glycero</i>-D-<i>manno</i>-heptose-1-phosphate with a preference for the β-anomer over the α-anomer of sugar phosphate substrates. Subsequently, a HP0860 knockout mutant and its complementary mutant were constructed and their phenotypic properties were examined. HP0860 knockout mutant contained both mature and immature forms of LPS and could still induce significant IL-8 secretion after gastric AGS cell infection, suggesting other enzymatic activities in HP0860 knockout mutant might be able to partially compensate for the loss of HP0860 activity. In addition, HP0860 knockout mutant was much more sensitive to antibiotic novobiocin, had decreased adherence abilities, and caused less classic hummingbird phenotype on the infected AGS cells, indicating <i>H. pylori</i> lacking HP0860 is less virulent. Furthermore, the disruption of <i>HP0860</i> gene altered the sorting of cargo proteins into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The above findings confirm the importance of HP0860 in LPS core biosynthesis and shed light on therapeutic intervention against <i>H. pylori</i> infection.