Defect engineering <i>via</i> the F-doping of β-MnO₂ cathode to design hierarchical spheres of interlaced nanosheets for superior high-rate aqueous zinc ion batteries

Abstract

The valance engineering of β-MnO 2 via F-doping process triggers designing hierarchical spheres with interlaced nanosheets to accelerate electrochemical kinetics and capacity, ensuring superior high-rate aqueous zinc ion battery performances.