Catalytic Kinetics Considerations and Molecular Tools for the Design of Multienzymatic Cascade Nanoreactors

Abstract

Abstract Within the cellular microenvironment of organisms, the surface‐ and volume‐ enclosed multiple enzymes perform highly complex series of chemical reactions for very selective and efficient synthesis of biomolecules. Several efforts have been carried out to mimic these timely and spatially defined natural enzyme cascade reactions onto the artificial multienzyme nano‐assemblies via immobilization of two or more enzymes on nanosupport, while maintaining the catalytic activity. These biocatalytic systems undergo cascade reactions for the efficient production of chemicals and materials of interest. Their increasing interest is based on their numerous potential applications in the area of environmental, biomedical and applied chemistry. A variety of nanosupports and multienzyme immobilization techniques have been optimized and reported. Nanoreactors usually show molecular crowding and anomalous diffusion of substances that modify the mass action kinetic laws. Thus, the kinetics is different than those shown by free diluted enzymes. Consequently, the catalytic activity considerations in cascade reactions on nanoassemblies are of great importance. Thus, in this work, important parameters of enzyme kinetics in cascade reaction and the molecular tools for the design and optimization of bi‐ and multi‐enzymatic nanobioreactors reactions are discussed.