Precise fluorination of polymeric donors towards efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells with balanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current and fill factor

Abstract

By increasing the fluorination sites of polymer donors, the <italic>J</italic>_SC, <italic>V</italic>_OC and FF are enhanced for solar cells, because of fine-tuned energy levels, reduced trap-assisted or bimolecular recombination, and improved charge carrier mobility.