The effect of lipopolysaccharide from uropathogenic Escherichia coli on the immune system, testis tissue, and spermatozoa of BALB/c mice

Abstract

LPS can stimulate the immune system to produce proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in an immune response in the testis and ultimately leading to deficiency in sperm parameters and testis tissue damage. In addition, the presence of LPS could significantly impair sperm parameters, as shown by the finding of decreased motility.