Selenium Defect Boosted Electrochemical Performance of Binder-Free VSe₂ Nanosheets for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Abstract

As a typical transition-metal dichalcogenides, vanadium diselenide (VSe₂) is a promising electrode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to its metallic characteristics and excellent electronic conductivity. In this work, we propose a strategy of hydrothermal reduction synthesis of stainless-steel (SS)-supported VSe₂ nanosheets with defect (VSe_2-<i>x</i>-SS), thereby further improving the conductivity and activity of VSe_2-<i>x</i>-SS. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Se defect can adjust the adsorption energy of Zn²⁺ ions. This means that the adsorption/desorption process of Zn²⁺ ions on VSe_2-<i>x</i>-SS is more reversible than that on pure SS-supported VSe₂ (VSe₂-SS). As a result, the Zn//VSe_2-<i>x</i>-SS battery showed more excellent electrochemical performance than Zn//VSe₂-SS. The VSe_2-<i>x</i>-SS electrode shows a good specific capacity of 265.2 mA h g^-1 (0.2 A g^-1 after 150 cycles), satisfactory rate performance, and impressive cyclic stability. In addition, we also have explored the energy-storage mechanism of Zn²⁺ ions in this VSe_2-<i>x</i>-SS electrode material. This study provides an effective strategy for the rational design of electrode materials for electrochemical energy-storage devices.