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Temporal directional relationship between problematic internet use and depressive symptoms among Japanese adolescents: A random intercept, cross-lagged panel model

PsychopathologyPsychiatryAddictionTechnological AddictionDepressionProblematic Social Medium UseProblematic Internet UseSocial SciencesTemporal Directional RelationshipInternet Addiction DisorderProblematic Smartphone UseMental HealthMedicineRandom InterceptPsychology