Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule Antiangiogenesis Agents to Treat Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness which is associated with excessive angiogenesis. Using the structure of wondonin marine natural products, we previously created a scaffold to develop a novel type of antiangiogenesis agent that possesses minimized cytotoxicity. To overcome its poor pharmaceutical properties, we further modified the structure. A new scaffold was derived in which the stereogenic carbon was changed to nitrogen and the 1,2,3-triazole ring was replaced by an alkyl chain. By comparing the bioactivity versus cytotoxicity, compound <b>31</b> was selected, which has improved aqueous solubility and an enhanced selectivity index. Mechanistically, <b>31</b> suppressed angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) expression induced by high glucose in retinal cells and exhibited <i>in vivo</i> antiangiogenic activity in choroidal neovascularization and oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. These results suggest the potential of <b>31</b> as a lead to develop antiangiogenic small-molecule drugs to treat diabetic retinopathy and as a chemical tool to elucidate new mechanisms of angiogenesis.