Probiogenomics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Approaches

Abstract

<i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> CIDCA 133 (CIDCA 133) has been reported as a potential probiotic strain, presenting immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the possible genes and molecular mechanism involved with a probiotic profile of CIDCA 133 through a genomic approach associated with in vitro and in vivo analysis. Genomic analysis corroborates the species identification carried out by the classical microbiological method. Phenotypic assays demonstrated that the CIDCA 133 strain could survive acidic, osmotic, and thermic stresses. In addition, this strain shows antibacterial activity against <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium and presents immunostimulatory properties capable of upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines <i>Il10</i> and <i>Tgfb1</i> gene expression through inhibition of <i>Nfkb1</i> gene expression. These reported effects can be associated with secreted, membrane/exposed to the surface and cytoplasmic proteins, and bacteriocins-encoding genes predicted in silico. Furthermore, our results showed the genes and the possible mechanisms used by CIDCA 133 to produce their beneficial host effects and highlight its use as a probiotic microorganism.