Physical Review · 1966 · 160 citations · 14 references
Natural SciencesPhysicsQuantum ChemistryAtomic IonizationAtomic PolarizabilityDensity Functional TheoryIonization ProcessesAtomic Number DependenceDensityDensity Effect CorrectionExcitationExcitation ProcessesIonizationIonization LossPolarization Effects In Excitation
The reduction in the ionization loss of charged particles due to the polarization of the medium (density effect) has been evaluated for several substances. An approximate semiempirical expression for the mean excitation potential $I$ as a function of the atomic number $Z$ has been obtained.
14
American Institute of Physics Handbook
Journal of the Optical Society of America · 1957 · 1.1K citations
Penetration of Protons, Alpha Particles, and Mesons
U. Fano · Annual Review of Nuclear Science · 1963 · 1.1K citations
The Density Effect for the Ionization Loss in Various Materials
R. M. Sternheimer · Physical Review · 1952 · 389 citations