HMGB-1 and TGFβ-1 highlight immuno-inflammatory and fibrotic processes before proteinuria onset in pediatric patients with Alport syndrome

Abstract

High levels of HMGB1 and TGF-β1 characterized ALP patients with normal renal function, highlighting the subclinical pro-fibrotic and inflammatory mechanisms triggered before the onset of proteinuria. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of HMGB1 and TGFβ-1 in ALP patients.