Pushing Optical Switch into Deep Mid-Infrared Region: Band Theory, Characterization, and Performance of Topological Semimetal Antimonene

Abstract

The existing pulsed laser technologies and devices are mainly in the infrared spectral region below 3 μm so far. However, longer-wavelength pulsed lasers operating in the deep mid-infrared region (3–20 μm) are desirable for atmosphere spectroscopy, remote sensing, laser lidar, and free-space optical communications. Currently, the lack of reliable optical switches is the main limitation for developing pulsed lasers in the deep mid-infrared region. Here, we demonstrate that topological semimetal antimonene possesses an ultrabroadband optical switch characteristic covering from 2 μm to beyond 10 μm. Especially, the topological semimetal antimonene shows a very low saturable energy fluence (only 3–15 nJ cm–2 beyond 3 μm) and an ultrafast recovery time of ps level. We also demonstrate stable Q-switching in fiber lasers at 2 and 3.5 μm by using topological semimetal antimonene as passive optical switches. Combined with the high environmental stability and easy fabrication, topological semimetal antimonene offers a promising optical switch that extends pulsed lasers into deep mid-infrared region.