Dipeptidyl peptidase 3, a marker of the antagonist pathway of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in patients with heart failure

Abstract

In patients with worsening heart failure, DPP3 is a marker of more severe disease with higher RAAS activity. It may be deleterious in heart failure by counteracting the Mas receptor pathway. Procizumab, a specific antibody against DPP3, might be a potential future treatment option for patients with heart failure.