Parameter Study of Boiling Model for CFD Simulation of Multiphase-Thermal Flow in a Pipe

Abstract

In these days, countries around the world have been implementing increasingly stringent environmental regulations on ships. In particular, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has enforced the regulation to reduce the maximum permitted sulfur content of the exhaust gas emitted from ships from 3.5% to 0.5% since January 1, 2020, and the Maritime Emission Protection Committee (MEPC) agreed to a minimum 50% reduction of the annual greenhouse gas emissions from the total ships by 2050 compared to the level of greenhouse gas emissions in 2008 As a result, alternative energy sources, such as LNG and hydrogen, have begun to attract considerable attention. On the other hand, because LNG-powered ships still emit greenhouse gases (GHG), it is difficult to achieve the MEPC GHG reduction target, even if all the currently operated vessels are replaced with LNG-powered ships. Therefore, from a long-term perspective, hydrogen-powered ships are attracting increasing attention since hydrogen has similar advantages to LNG. Moreover, hydrogenpowered ships have low noise and vibration, a simple drive system, and no GHG emissions