Single-Atom Gadolinium Anchored on Graphene Quantum Dots as a Magnetic Resonance Signal Amplifier

Abstract

A single-atom metal doped on carbonaceous nanomaterials has attracted increasing attention due to its potential applications as high-performance catalysts. However, few studies focus on the applications of such nanomaterials as nanotheranostics for simultaneous bioimaging and cancer therapy. Herein, it is pioneeringly demonstrated that the single-atom Gd anchored onto graphene quantum dots (SAGd-GQDs), with dendrite-like morphology, was successfully prepared. More importantly, the as-fabricated SAGd-GQDs exhibits a robustly enhanced longitudinal relaxivity (<i>r</i>₁ = 86.08 mM^-1 s^-1) at a low Gd³⁺ concentration of 2 μmol kg^-1, which is 25 times higher than the commercial Gd-DTPA (<i>r</i>₁ = 3.44 mM^-1 s^-1). <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies suggest that the obtained SAGd-GQDs is a highly potent and contrast agent to obtain high-definition MRI, thereby opening up more opportunities for future precise clinical theranostics.