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Injectable composite hydrogel promotes osteogenesis and angiogenesis in spinal fusion by optimizing the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell microenvironment and exosomes secretion

Tissue EngineeringRegenerative MedicineHydrogelsExosomes SecretionEngineeringMedicineBone RepairSpinal FusionBiofabricationStem-cell TherapyBiomedical EngineeringMesenchymal Stem CellFunctional Tissue EngineeringStem CellsBiomaterialsOrthopaedic SurgeryExtracellular Matrix