Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy approach for the treatment of skin, bone, and cartilage defects

Abstract

Hence, exosomes could be considered as an alternative strategy for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. In this paper, after describing the characteristics of exosomes, we will review the recent literature on the therapeutic potentials of MSC-derived exosomes in skin, bone, and cartilage repair.