Morphine-3-glucuronide upregulates PD-L1 expression <i>via</i> TLR4 and promotes the immune escape of non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

M3G specifically activated TLR4 in NSCLC cells and upregulated PD-L1 expression through the PI3K signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting CTL cytotoxicity and finally promoting tumor immune escape.