Catalytic route electrochemiluminescence microscopy of cell membranes with nitrogen-doped carbon dots as nano-coreactants

Abstract

Catalytic route electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy enables imaging upper cell membranes with freely diffusing Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ as the emitter and nitrogen-doped carbon dots as the nano-coreactants and labels. This strategy provides a vertical resolution when studying the ECL profiles at different heights and realizes the ECL imaging of the externalized phosphatidylserine.