Journal of Labor Economics · 2004 · 517 citations · 18 references
ManagementBusiness EconomicsEconomicsAgency TheoryExecutive CompensationIncentive SystemsAgency CostsEconomies Of ScaleEquity-based CompensationIncentive CompensationIncentive SchemesMonetary IncentivesCeo Equity CompensationCompensation Performance SensitivityDeterminants Of Firm ValueExecutive Compensation EffectsExecutive Pay IncentivesFirm Size Effects On PayoutFirm Value EffectsIncentive Provision
We develop a model that clarifies how to measure CEO incentive strength and how to reconcile the enormous differences in pay sensitivities between executives in large and small firms. The crucial parameter is shown to be the elasticity of CEO productivity with respect to firm size. We find that CEO marginal products rise significantly with firm size (confirming Rosen's conjecture that CEOs of large firms have a "chain letter" effect on firm performance), and overall CEO incentives are roughly constant, or decline slightly, with firm size. We employ a multitask model to discuss implications for the design of control systems.
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The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities
Fischer Black, Myron S. Scholes · Journal of Political Economy · 1973 · 29.4K citations
Journal of Macroeconomics · 1988 · 1.8K citations