Surface Modification of Intraocular Lens with Hydrophilic Poly(Sulfobetaine Methacrylate) Brush for Posterior Capsular Opacification Prevention

Abstract

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The intraocular lens (IOL) is a common, yet important, implantable device used in treatment of cataract in clinics. However, the unexpected adhesion of postoperative residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) often causes serious complications, such as posterior capsular opacification (PCO), which lead to vision loss again. In this investigation, a poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) brush coating was fabricated on an IOL to generate a hydrophilic surface coating on the IOL for enhanced cell adhesion resistance so as to decrease PCO incidence. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The PSBMA brush coating on the IOL surface was fabricated using surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to demonstrate the surface coating preparation. The water contact angle (WCA) measurement was used to test surface hydrophilicity. <i>In vitro</i> LEC culture was use to evaluate the cell behavior on the IOL material surfaces, with or without PSBMA coating modification. Finally, animal cataract surgeries were carried out to evaluate <i>in vivo</i> biocompatibilities and anti-PCO effects. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The XPS and WCA measurements illustrate successful surface modification and good surface hydrophilicity. The <i>in vitro</i> cell culture results show that the hydrophilic PSBMA polymer brush coating evidently decreases adhesion and proliferation of LECs. Results of the <i>in vivo</i> cataract surgery with intraocular implantation show that PSBMA modification on the IOL surface does not induce side effects in nearby tissues, whereas posterior capsular hyperplasia can be evidently reduced. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The PSBMA brush surface-modified IOL has good <i>in vivo</i> biocompatibility and it can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative PCO.