Facile In-Situ Fabrication of a Ternary ZnO/TiO2/Ag Nanocomposite for Enhanced Bactericidal and Biocompatibility Properties

Abstract

This paper presents for the first time a successful fabrication of ternary ZnO/TiO₂/Ag nanocomposites consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO), titania (TiO₂) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesised using <i>Morinda citrifolia</i> fruit (MCF) extract. ZnONPs were synthesised using the co-precipitation method, and TiO₂ and Ag were introduced into the precursor solutions under microwave irradiation to obtain ZnO/TiO₂/Ag nanocomposites (NCs). This material demonstrated enhanced bactericidal effect towards bacterial pathogens compared to that of the binary TiO₂/Ag, Ag and TiO₂ alone. In vitro cytotoxicity results of the as-synthesised ZnO/TiO₂/AgNCs on RAW 264.7 macrophages and A549 cell lines revealed a negative role in cytotoxicity, but contributed astoundingly towards antimicrobials as compared of Ag alone and binary Ag/TiO₂. This study shows that the resultant ternary metal/bi-semiconductor nanocomposites may provide a therapeutic strategy for the eradication of bacterial pathogens without affecting the healthy mammalian cells.