Study of the Influence of Temperature on Boron Concentration Estimation in Desalinated Seawater for Agricultural Irrigation

Abstract

After several decades, the incorporation of desalinated seawater into agricultural areas with scarce water resources has become one of the main water supply strategies. Compared to the several currently available desalination techniques, reverse osmosis (RO) is now the reference technology because it lowers energy uses and production costs. Nevertheless, its main limiting factor lies in the membranes used for this system not efficiently retaining boron, which is a problem because the concentration of this element in seawater is high. For 3 years, the present work analysed the impact of seawater temperature on the kinetic parameters of boron rejection in an RO system to establish their annual behaviour and the existing correlation between both parameters. A comparison was made using the values simulated in the projection software provided by the manufacturer of the membranes. The obtained results indicated a high correlation, and the R2 correlation coefficients came very close to the unity. Nonetheless, this correlation lowered with time due to typical membrane ageing and compaction because of the system’s continuous operation. Under the tested working conditions and by applying analysed temperature intervals, it was impossible to reach the 0.3 mg·L−1 boron concentration value that ensures lack of crop toxicity. Thus, incorporating other boron reduction techniques is necessary.