Functional outcomes of full-endoscopic spine surgery for high-grade migrated lumbar disc herniation: a prospective registry-based cohort study with more than 5 years of follow-up

Abstract

FELD has a high success rate for the management of high-grade migrated herniated discs. In patients with high-grade disc migration from L1 to L5, TELD is effective and safe. However, for L4-L5 and L5-S1 high-grade upward and downward disc migration, IELD is the favorable option and provides high patient satisfaction.