Development of a Short and ICD-11 Compatible Measure for <i>DSM-5</i> Maladaptive Personality Traits Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms

Abstract

While <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth edition</i> (<i>DSM-5</i>) Section III and ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases 11th-Revision) both allow for dimensional assessment of personality pathology, the models differ in the definition of maladaptive traits. In this study, we pursued the goal of developing a short and reliable assessment for maladaptive traits, which is compatible with both models, using the item pool of the Personality Inventory for <i>DSM-5</i> (PID-5). To this aim, we applied ant colony optimization algorithms in English- and German-speaking samples comprising a total N of 2,927. This procedure yielded a 34-item measure with a hierarchical latent structure including six maladaptive trait domains and 17 trait facets, the "Personality Inventory for <i>DSM-5</i>, Brief Form Plus" (PID5BF+). While latent structure, reliability, and criterion validity were ascertained in the original and in two separate validation samples (<i>n</i> = 849, <i>n</i> = 493) and the measure was able to discriminate personality disorders from other diagnoses in a clinical subsample, results suggest further modifications for capturing ICD-11 Anankastia.