Isotope effects in molecular structures and electronic properties of liquid water via deep potential molecular dynamics based on the SCAN functional

Abstract

Feynman path-integral deep potential molecular dynamics (PI-DPMD) calculations have been employed to study both light (${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$) and heavy water (${\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$) within the isothermalisobaric ensemble. In particular, the deep neural network is trained based on ab initio data obtained from the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) exchange-correlation functional. Because of the lighter mass of hydrogen than deuteron, the properties of light water are more influenced by nuclear quantum effect than those of heavy water. Clear isotope effects are observed and analyzed in terms of hydrogen-bond structure and electronic properties of water that are closely associated with experimental observables. The molecular structures of both liquid ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ agree well with the data extracted from scattering experiments. The delicate isotope effects on radial distribution functions and angular distribution functions are well reproduced as well. Our approach demonstrates that deep neural network combined with SCAN functional based ab initio molecular dynamics provides an accurate theoretical tool for modeling water and its isotope effects.