Selective pollination by fungus gnats potentially functions as an alternative reproductive isolation among five<i>Arisaema</i>species

Abstract

Our results suggest that selective pollination by fungus gnats potentially contributes to reproductive isolation. Since geographic and phenological isolations can be disrupted by habitat disturbance and interannual climate change, the strong and stable pollinator isolation might compensate for the weakened early-acting barriers as an alternative reproductive isolation among the five Arisaema species.